Security compliance refers to adhering to specific regulations, standards, or guidelines that are designed to protect sensitive information and ensure secure practices within an organization. Here are some key security compliances commonly followed by organizations:

1. **PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard):** Applies to organizations that handle credit card transactions. It sets requirements for securing cardholder data, maintaining a secure network, implementing strong access control measures, and regularly monitoring and testing networks.

2. **HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act):** Applies to healthcare organizations and their business associates. It mandates protections for patient health information (PHI), including requirements for data encryption, access controls, audit trails, and risk assessments.

3. **GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation):** Applies to organizations that handle personal data of individuals in the European Union (EU). It sets strict requirements for data protection, including consent mechanisms, data subject rights (e.g., right to access and erasure), data breach notification, and privacy by design and by default principles.

4. **ISO 27001 (International Organization for Standardization):** A widely recognized international standard that specifies requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS). It includes comprehensive controls and measures to manage information security risks effectively.

5. **SOC 2 (Service Organization Control 2):** Developed by the American Institute of CPAs (AICPA), SOC 2 focuses on controls relevant to security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality, and privacy of customer data. It is often used for technology and cloud computing organizations.

6. **NIST Cybersecurity Framework (National Institute of Standards and Technology):** Provides a voluntary framework of cybersecurity best practices, guidelines, and standards to help organizations manage and reduce cybersecurity risks. It includes core functions such as Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, and Recover.

7. **FISMA (Federal Information Security Management Act):** Applies to federal agencies and their contractors. It mandates a comprehensive framework for managing information security, including risk assessment, continuous monitoring, and reporting requirements.

8. **CIS Controls (Center for Internet Security Controls):** A set of best practices and guidelines for cybersecurity developed by a global community of experts. It includes prioritized actions to protect organizations against common cyber threats.

Adhering to these security compliances helps organizations mitigate risks, protect sensitive data, maintain customer trust, and comply with legal and regulatory requirements specific to their industry and geographic location. Implementing robust security controls and regularly assessing compliance ensures organizations are prepared to address evolving cyber threats effectively.

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